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Web-Usability-Heuristiken für die ältere Zielgruppe

Navigation

 

 

1.1 Provide a site map to show how the site is organized. (1,2,3,4)

 

 

1.2 Links should be in a bulleted list and not tightly clustered (1)

 

 

1.3 Use same set of navigation buttons in the same place on each page to

 

 

move from one web page or section of the web site to another (3)

 

 

1.4 Use explicit step-by-step navigation procedures whenever possible to ensure that people understand what follows next (2)

 

 

1.5 Use pull down menus sparingly (1,2)

 

 

1.6 Avoid dynamically changing menu structures (3)

 

 

1.7 Reserve underlining for links (2,3)

 

 

1.8 Provide location of current page to help the user in orientation (1,4) 

 

 

1.9 Do not have a deep hierarchy and group information into meaningful categories (1,3)

 

 

1.10 Extra & bolder navigation cues should be provided (1)

 

 

1.11 There should be a differentiation between visited & unvisited links (1,3)

 

 

1.12 Keep most frequent operations highest in the menu structure (4)

 

 

Target Design

 

 

2.1 (Button) Colour chosen should have sufficient contrast to the background (3)

 

 

2.2 Buttons: Easy to read font should be used for text labels (3)

 

 

2.3 Icons should be simple and meaningful (1)

 

 

2.4 Use mouse hover effect (cursor may change) to indicate that targets are clickable (3)

 

 

2.5 The older adults should not be expected to double click (1,2,3)

 

 

2.6 Provide larger targets. Interface elements to be clicked should be at least 11 millimeters diagonally. (1,2,3,4,5)

 

 

2.7 Space between buttons and other elements on the interface should be sufficient (3)

 

 

2.8 The functionality of the button should be clear from the label on it, its shape, etc. (3)

 

 

Information Design

 

 

Text Style

 

 

3.1.1 There should be spacing between the lines (1,2,3)

 

 

3.1.2 Text should be left justified (1,2,3)

 

 

3.1.3 Use all capital letters in headlines only (1,2, 3)

 

 

3.1.4 Use a sans serif typeface (Arial, Verdana, Helvetica etc.) that is not condensed. (1,2,3)

 

 

3.1.5 Important information should be highlighted (1)

 

 

3.1.6 Use medium or bold face type (2, 3)

 

 

3.1.7 Avoid font size smaller than 16 pixels, make text size adjustable. (2,3,4,5)

 

 

3.1.8 Text should have clear, large headings (1)

 

 

Page Layout

 

 

3.2.1 Minimize clutter (4)

 

 

3.2.2 Use a standard page design and the same symbols and icons throughout the whole site. (2,3,4)

 

 

3.2.3 Avoid dividing users’ attention between multiple tasks or parts of the screen (5)

 

 

3.2.4 Provide only one open window. (1,5) 

 

 

3.2.5 Information should be concentrated mainly in the centre. (1)

 

 

3.2.6 An easy to identify “home”-button should be present on every page. (3)

 

 

Information Organization

 

 

3.3.1 Break lengthy documents into short sections (2,3)

 

 

3.3.2 Use white space to cluster items. (3)

 

 

3.3.3 Search results should be arranged according to relevance (3)

 

 

3.3.4 Optimize information organization within natural or consistent groupings (e.g. group information that is related) (4)

 

 

3.3.5 Reduce the distance between interface elements that are likely to be used in sequence (such as form fields) (5)

 

 

3.3.6 Frequent and important actions should be easily visible and accessible (4)

 

 

Colour & Background

 

 

4.1 Avoid yellow and blue and green in close proximity (1,2,5)

 

 

4.2 Background should not be pure white or patterned (1,3)

 

 

4.3 Content should not all be in colour alone (1)

 

 

4.4 Use warm and harmonic colour schemes (3)

 

 

4.5 Use high contrast between foreground and background (1,2,3)

 

 

4.6 Use colour conservatively (1)

 

 

Terminology & Content

 

 

5.1 Screen layout, navigation, terminology used should be simple, clear, consistent (1)

 

 

5.2 Avoid irrelevant information (1)

 

 

5.3 Language should be simple and clear (1,2,3)

 

 

5.4 Text lines should be short in length (1)

 

 

5.5 Use positive statements (2,3)

 

 

5.6 Use active voice (2)

 

 

Feedback

 

 

6.1 Error messages should be simple & easy to follow (1,4)

 

 

6.2 There should be clear confirmation of target capture, which should be visible to older adults who should not be expected to detect small changes (1,3)

 

 

6.3 Clearly convey current system status. Make clear which window is open or which option is active and what the consequences of an action are. (4)

 

 

6.4 Provide feedback around task completion, confirmation of activity, current state information (4,5)

 

 

User Control

 

 

7.1 Avoid (automatic) scrolling (1,3,4,5)

 

 

7.2 Printing and storage of all information should be possible (3)

 

 

7.3 Allow adaptability (e.g. for Web pages, avoid style sheets that override the ability for users to increase font size) (4)

 

 

7.4 Provide search history: users need to know which pages have already been visited (4)

 

 

7.5 Give the user the possibility to control the playback of animations, videos, etc. (i.e. pause/stop buttons) (3)

 

 

7.7  Allow for greater time intervals in interactions (e.g. pop-up menus, drop-down) (4,5)

 

 

Multimedia

 

 

8.1 Use (text) relevant images only, not for decoration (1,2,3) 

 

 

8.2 Provide text alternatives for pictures, animations, videos, audio elements. (1,2,3,5)

 

 

8.3 Avoid moving text (1)

 

 

8.4 No animation should be present (1)

 

 

Support

 

 

9.1 Provide an e-mail address or phone number for questions and comments (2)

 

 

9.2 Provide an online help tutorial (1,3)

 

 

Referenzen:

  1. Zaphiris, P., Kurniawan, S., & Bulsara, M. G. (2006). A systematic approach to the developement of research-based web design guidelines for older people. Universal Acess in the Information Society, 6 (1), S. 59-75.  
  2. National Institute on Aging & National Library of Medicine (2002). Making Your Website Senior Friendly – A Checklist. Zuletzt abgerufen am 14.7.2017 unter https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/checklist.pdf

  3. MFKK Invention and Research Center Services Co. Ltd.(2011). Web 2.0 Best Practice for Senior Citizens. Zuletzt abgerufen am 14.7.2017 unter http://www.geengee.eu/geengee/geengee-docs/contenuti/comune/web%202%200%20seniors_v9.pdf

  4. Fisk, A. D., Rogers, W. A., Charness, N. Czaja, S. J. & Sharit, J. (2004). Designing for Older Adults. Principles and Creative Human Factors Approaches. Boca Raton: CRC Press

  5. Campbell,O. (2015). Designing for the Elderly: Ways Older People Use Digital Technology  Differently.  Zuletzt  abgerufen  am  14.07.2017,  unter https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2015/02/designing-digital-technology-for-the-elderly/

     

     

     

     

     


  1. Fakultät für Sprach-, Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaften
  2. Institut für Information und Medien, Sprache und Kultur (I:IMSK)