Emmy Noether Group

We are psychologists and cognitive neuroscientists trying to understand how and why mechanisms of learning and brain plasticity change over the lifespan. Please browse this website for more information. If you are interested in our work, please send an email to the group leader (sebastian1.frank@psychologie.uni-regensburg.de).

News

08/2023: New publication in STAR Protocols

Frank SM, Becker M, Malloni WM, Sasaki Y, Greenlee MW, Watanabe T (2023). Protocol to conduct functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy in different age groups of human participants. STAR Protocols, 4:102493. doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102493

In this manuscript, we describe a protocol to conduct functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) to measure excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) processing during task performance and learning in human participants, and discuss important considerations for the design, analysis and interpretation of fMRS studies.

See here for the original article.

08/2023: New science podcast from the University of Regensburg

Sebastian Frank talks about brain plasticity and the research of the Emmy Noether group.

07/2023: "Brain Day" at elementary school Grundschule Neukirchen-Etzelwang

The Emmy Noether group visited the elementary school and spoke to students about the mysteries of the brain.

05/2023: Annual meeting of the Vision Sciences Society (VSS) in St. Petersburg, Florida, USA

The Emmy Noether Group presented their research:

Talk: Markus Becker, Jennifer Lubich, Sebastian M. Frank. "Plasticity in early visual cortex is modulated by feature salience in task-irrelevant visual perceptual learning"

Poster: Sebastian M. Frank, Markus Becker, Ekaterina-Rita Hegmann, Sonja Hartl, Ayumi Sarah Wandl, Mark W. Greenlee. "Training of visual attentional tracking modulates fronto-parietal activation and cross-modal GABAergic suppression"

05/2023: New publication in Human Brain Mapping

Frank SM, Maechler MR, Fogelson SV, Tse PU (2023). Hierarchical categorization learning is associated with representational changes in the dorsal striatum and posterior frontal and parietal cortex. Human Brain Mapping, doi: 10.1002/hbm.26323.

See here for the original article.

11/2022: New publication in Current Biology

Frank SM, Becker M, Qi A, Geiger P, Frank UI, Rosedahl LA, Malloni WM, Sasaki Y, Greenlee MW, Watanabe T (2022). Efficient learning in children with rapid GABA boosting during and after training. Current Biology, 32:5022-5030.e7.

It is often assumed that children learn more efficiently than adults, although the neuronal mechanisms responsible for such increased learning efficiency in children have remained unclear. In this study we examined visual learning in elementary school age children and adults using functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure inhibitory, GABAergic processing during and after visual learning in vivo. We found that visual learning triggered an increase of GABA only in children that persisted for several minutes after training ended. This novel finding predicted that training on new items rapidly increases the concentration of GABA in children and allows the learning to be rapidly stabilized. In subsequent behavioral experiments, we found that children indeed stabilized new learning much more rapidly than adults, which agrees with the common belief that children outperform adults in their learning abilities. Our results therefore point to GABA as a key player involved in efficient learning in children.

Several news outlets reported on this new research, including:

MDR (https://www.mdr.de/wissen/kinder-schneller-besser-lernen-erwachsene-100.html)

The Times (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/chemical-messenger-may-help-children-learn-skills-faster-33tf7zrws)

Daily Mail (https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-11430597/Children-really-learn-quickly-adults-study-confirms.html)

US News & World Report (https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2022-11-17/brain-imaging-shows-how-young-kids-learn-quicker-than-grownups)

See https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960982222016293 for the original article.

08/2022: New publication in Journal of Neuroscience

Frank SM, Otto A, Volberg G, Tse PU, Watanabe T, Greenlee MW (2022). Transfer of tactile learning from trained to untrained body parts supported by cortical coactivation in primary somatosensory cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 42:6131-6144.

In this study we investigated neuronal mechanisms involved in skill learning. Skill learning (for example, learning to ride a bicycle) facilitates our interactions with the environment. However, it is effortful to acquire a new skill, begging the question whether the brain has evolved mechanisms to support such learning. Here, we used a combination of behavioral training and functional MRI to examine tactile skill learning with different body parts (hand and foot). We found that this learning was strongly supported by coactivation of cortical territory in somatosensory cortex representing untrained body parts. Our results indicate that cortical coactivation could not only serve as a neuronal support mechanism for skill learning with the trained body part, but could also lead to the acquisition of the new skill with the untrained but coactivated body part.

Our article was selected as a featured article by the editors of Journal of Neuroscience. See

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/42/31/6131 for the original article.

07/2022: "Brain Day" at Josef-Voit-Grundschule Freihung

The Emmy Noether group visited the elementary school and spoke to students about the mysteries of the brain.

06/2022: Official start of the Emmy Noether Group! See here for more information.