Prof. Dr. Edgar Schneider

In investigating the English language and its modifications in time and space I have always been thrilled by the interplay between regularity and systematicity on the one hand and irregularity and variability on the other: somehow we all share rules and a "system" and talk "the same" way (otherwise we couldn't communicate), but then we also have the liberty to deviate, use alternative choices to signal social belonging, and even "break rules" for a purpose, talk "differently" – language is not mathematics. I guess this tension between uniformity and variability has fuelled the fascination with language that drives my research and that I hope to be able to share in my teaching.

In my 40-year career I have "meandered" quite some varieties of English myself. I was trained in dialect geography and then moved to becoming primarily a sociolinguist; my dissertation on structural variants in Earlier African American English, published in Alabama, was quite influential in US sociolinguistics in its time. I also carried out some research on the history of English, notably Early Modern English, and have investigated language contact, including some pidgins and creoles. For more than twenty years, however, I have mainly worked in the young field of "World Englishes", investigating the many distinctive varieties of English that have emerged in colonial and postcolonial times around the globe, notably in Asia and Africa, and I have developed a global reputation in that field. Amongst other things, for many years I edited the leading journal (English World-Wide), an associated book series, and a major international Handbook, and I have published many studies of structural properties of many different varieties of English, mostly based on corpus and fieldwork data. I am probably best known for my "Dynamic Model" of the evolution of Postcolonial Englishes, a uniform explanation of the emergence of these varieties that by now has largely been accepted as the main theoretical framework in the discipline, published in the journal Language in 2003 and in the Cambridge University Press book Postcolonial English in 2007. In addition, I have published work on a number of other, often new ideas in the field, including the notion of "grassroots English" (2016), the use of YouTube as a suitable resource, or a quest for principles of lexicosemantic diffusion (2023). In a 2025 monograph I advocate the applicability of complex dynamic systems theory for the understanding of language evolution and variability.

Over more than 40 years, I taught about 140 courses (seminars, lectures, and others), and I supervised 9 habilitation theses, 17 doctoral dissertations, about 215 students' final theses (state exam, BA, MA) in Regensburg, and 7 Honours Theses in Singapore. But now I do not teach or supervise theses any longer. I am accessible via email (edgar.schneider@ur.de).

Education

1987                Habilitation (postdoctoral degree), University of Bamberg; promotion to "Privatdozent" status

1981                Ph.D. / Dr. phil., University of Bamberg

1978                M.A., University of Graz, Austria

1972-1978       Studied sociology, English and German language and literature; University of Graz, Austria

Academic positions and functions held / offered

Jan. 2024      Visiting Professor, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Tokyo, Japan

2021-2023    Visiting Senior Fellow, National University of Singapore

1993-2020    Full Professor in English Linguistics and Head of the Linguistics section of the English Department, University of Regensburg

2019             Visiting Professor, de la Salle University, Manila, The Philippines

2016-2018    President, International Society for the Linguistics of English (ISLE) (2014-2016 President-Elect, 2018-2021 Past President)

2009-2011    Dean, University of Regensburg, Philosophische Fakultät III (Faculty for Linguistics, Literatures and Cultural Studies)

2008             Visiting Research Fellow, Auckland University of Technology, NZ

2007-2009    Studiendekan (Associate Dean for Student Affairs), University of Regensburg, Faculty of Languages and Literatures

2004             University of Munich, Chair of Modern English Linguistics offered (declined)

1996             University of Frankfurt, Chair of English / Linguistics offered (declined)

1995-1999    Elected Reviewer (Gewählter Fachgutachter) for research proposals in English Linguistics, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)

1992             University of Augsburg, Chair of English Linguistics offered (declined)

1989-1992    Chair of English Philology (Linguistics), Free University of Berlin

1988-1989    Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

1988             Awarded "Heisenberg research grant" by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

1988             One term substitute of full professorship at University of Trier

1979-1988    Lecturer and research assistant / Assistant Professor, English Linguistics; University of Bamberg, Germany

Aug. 2025       NWAV-AP (New Ways of Analyzing Variation – Asia-Pacific) conference (Invited Keynote Speaker), Singapore (Nanyang Technological University)

Dez. 2024       Winter School Migration Linguistics & 1^st International Conference on Migration Linguistics (Invited Plenary Speaker), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Tokyo, Japan

April 2024      Language Variety in the South conference (Invited Plenary Speaker), Athens, GA, USA

Jan. 2024         JAFAE (The Japanese Association for Asian Englishes) conference (Invited Keynote Speaker), Nagoya, Japan

Sep. 2023        Italian Association of English Studies conference (Invited Keynote Speaker), Cosenza, Italy

Nov. 2022       The Transformative Development of Postcolonial Africa: Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary Perspectives (Invited Keynote Speaker), Humboldt-Kolleg; Yaounde, Cameroon

Dec. 2021       AsiaTEFL conference (Invited Plenary Speaker), Delhi, India (online)

March 2019    Symposium "Contact Englishes" (Invited Plenary Speaker), Fukuoka, Japan

March 2019    LSPIC (Linguistic Society of the Philippines) International Conference - 50^th Anniversary (Invited Keynote Speaker), Manila, The Philippines

Feb. 2019        International Conference on Pluricentricity vs. Pluriareality (Invited Plenary Speaker & Round Table Panelist), Münster, Germany

July 2018        ISLE (International Society for the Linguistics of English) conference (Presidential Plenary Address), University of London, London, UK

Aug. 2017       ICHL (International Conference on Historical Linguistics (Invited Panelist at a panel on "The Ecology of African American English"), San Antonio, Texas, USA

June 2017        SHEL10 (Studies in the History of the English Language) conference (Invited Plenary Speaker), University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA

Nov. 2016       Distinguished Lecture: 31^st SAAL (Singapore Association for Applied Linguistics) Lecture, National University of Singapore

July 2016        Symposium "English and Spanish in Interaction" (Invited Speaker), University of Zurich, Switzerland

May 2016        ICAME 37 conference (Invited Plenary Lecture), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

June 2015        International Conference "Changing English" (Invited Plenary Speaker), Helsinki, Finland

March 2015    International Conference on Bilingualism (Invited Plenary Speaker) , Valetta, Malta

Dec. 2013       Conference of the Korean Association for the Study of English Language and Linguistics (KASELL) (Invited Plenary Speaker), Cheonan, Korea

Oct. 2013        "Englishes Today" conference (Invited Plenary Speaker), Vigo, Spain

Dec. 2012       International Association for World Englishes (Invited Plenary Speaker), Hong Kong and Guangzhou, China

July 2012        Second International Conference on Nondominant Varieties of Pluricentric Languages (Invited Speaker), University of Salamanca, Spain

Oct. 2010        Free Linguistics Conference (Invited Plenary Speaker), University of Sydney, Australia

Sep. 2010        International Conference "Pluricentric Languages" (Invited Plenary Speaker), Catholic University of Portugal, Braga, Portugal

June 2010        International Conference "Echoes of Albion: English-American Speech Relations" (Invited Speaker), University of Groningen, The Netherlands

June 2010        International Conference "English as a Contact Language" (Invited Speaker), Zurich, Switzerland

May 2010        ICAME (International Computer Archive of Modern and Medieval English) Conference (Invited Plenary Speaker), Giessen, Germany

May 2010        3^rd International Conference on English as a Lingua Franca (Invited Plenary Speaker), Vienna, Austria

April 2008      RELC (Regional English Language Conference) (Invited Speaker), Singapore

Oct. 2006        International Association of World Englishes (Invited Plenary Speaker), Chukyo University, Nagoya, Japan

May 2006        Language, Literature and Education in Multicultural Societies (Invited Plenary Speaker), Yaounde, Cameroon

April 2004      Language Variation in the South III (Invited Speaker), Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA

June 2001        The Major Varieties of English 3 (Invited Plenary Speaker), Freiburg i. Br., Germany

April 2001      Australian Style Concil Conference (Invited Keynote Speaker), Sydney, Australia

July 1999        6^th IAWE (International Association of World Englishes) Conference (Invited Focus Speaker), Tsukuba, Japan

Dec. 1997       4^th IAWE (International Association of World Englishes) Conference (Invited Focus Speaker), Singapore

April 1993      Language Variation in the South II (Invited Speaker), Auburn, Alabama, USA

Feb. 1988        Round Table on Africanisms in Afro-American Language Varieties (Invited Speaker), University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA

Monographs

2026. English Around the World: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 3rd, revised and expanded edition, to appear (in production).

2025. World Englishes as Components of a Complex Dynamic System. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

2020. English Around the World: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2nd, revised and expanded edition.

2011. English Around the World: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

2007. Postcolonial English: Varieties Around the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

1996. Introduction to Quantitative Analysis of Linguistic Survey Data: An Atlas by the Numbers. (with William A. Kretzschmar). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

1993. A New Bibliography of Writings on Varieties of English, 1984 - 1992/93. (with Beat Glauser & Manfred Görlach). Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins.

1989. American Earlier Black English. Morphological and Syntactic Variables. Tuscaloosa, AL: The University of Alabama Press.

1988. Variabilität, Polysemie und Unschärfe der Wortbedeutung. Band 1: Theoretische und methodische Grundlagen. Band 2: Studien zur lexikalischen Semantik der mentalen Verben des Englischen. Tübingen: Niemeyer.

1984. A Bibliography of Writings on Varieties of English, 1965 - 1983. (with Wolfgang Viereck & Manfred Görlach) Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins.

1981. Morphologische und syntaktische Variablen im amerikanischen Early Black English. Frankfurt am Main, Bern: Peter Lang.

Editor (books)

2021. World Englishes at the Grassroots. (with Christiane Meierkord). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

2020. The Cambridge Handbook of World Englishes. (with Marianne Hundt & Daniel Schreier). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

2015. Further Studies in the Lesser-Known Varieties of English. (with Jeff Williams, Daniel Schreier, & Peter Trudgill). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

2010. The Lesser-Known Varieties of English. An Introduction. (with Daniel Schreier, Peter Trudgill, & Jeff Williams). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

2008. Varieties of English. Vol. 2: The Americas and the Caribbean. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

2004. A Handbook of Varieties of English. A Multimedia Reference Tool. Multimedia CD-ROM & Online Version. (with Bernd Kortmann). Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

2004. A Handbook of Varieties of English. A Multimedia Reference Tool. Vol. 1: Phonology. (with Bernd Kortmann, Clive Upton, Rajend Mesthrie & Kate Burridge). Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

2004. A Handbook of Varieties of English. A Multimedia Reference Tool. Vol. 2: Morphology and Syntax. (with Bernd Kortmann, together with Rajend Mesthrie & Kate Burridge). Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

2000. Degrees of Restructuring in Creole Languages. (with Ingrid Neumann-Holzschuh). Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins.

1997. Englishes Around the World. Vol. 1: General Studies - British Isles - North America. Studies in Honour of Manfred Görlach. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins.

1997. Englishes Around the World. Vol. 2: Caribbean - Africa - Asia - Australasia. Studies in Honour of Manfred Görlach. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins.

1996. Focus on the USA. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins.

1990. Computer Methods in Dialectology. (with William A. Kretzschmar, Jr., & Ellen Johnson). Athens, Ga.: Journal of English Linguistics. (Special Issue 22.1 1989).

1983. Englisch - Formen und Funktionen einer Weltsprache. (with Sebastian Köppl, Josef Schmied and Wolfgang Viereck). Exhibition catalogue. Bamberg: Universitätsbibliothek.

Editor (journal and book series)

2019-. Elements in World Englishes. (short monographs) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

1997-2013. English World-Wide (journal). Vols. 19-34. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins.

1997 – 2012. Varieties of English Around the World (book series). Vols. G18-G42 & T7-T9. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins.

2004-2021. Grundlagen der Anglistik und Amerikanistik (book series). Berlin: Schmidt.

1993-2022. Sprache und Literatur. Regensburger Arbeiten zur Anglistik und Amerikanistik (book series, with Anne Zwierlein & Udo Hebel). Frankfurt: Peter Lang.

Journal articles

2026. Creative constructions in Asian and World Englishes – and what we can learn from them. Journal of English and Applied Linguistics.

2023. Lexicosemantic diffusion in World Englishes: variable meaning-form-relations in prospective verbs. English Language and Linguistics 27(4), 719-748.

2023. All Things New in Singapore. On creativity, complexity and usage associations in Englishes. English Today, 39(1), 24-34.

2022. Parameters of epicentral status. Special Issue of World Englishes, 41, 462-474, ed. by Pam Peters & Tobias Bernaisch,

2022. Words going viral: The effects of COVID-19 on media English. (with Hyejeong Ahn, Jieun Kiaer and Laurence Mann). The Journal of Comparative Media and Women's Studies (Japan,比較メディア・女性文学研究) 7, 20-60.

2020. Tracing manifestations of cultures in language form: Indian culture in global Englishes. Aligarh Journal of Linguistics 9(1-2), 1-28.

2018. Variationist English linguistics." Cahiers de Lexicologie 112(1), 217-232.

2018. The interface between cultures and corpora: tracing reflections and manifestations. ICAME Journal 42, 25-60.

2017. Philippines English on the move: an afterword. The Philippine ESL Journal 19, 145-147.

2017. The linguistic consequences of Brexit? No reason to get excited! World Englishes 36, 353-355.

2016. Interview with Edgar W. Schneider. (with Viveka Velupillai). Journal of English Linguistics 44, 346-370.

2016. Grassroots Englishes in tourism interactions. English Today 32(3), 2-10.

2016. Hybrid Englishes: An exploratory survey. World Englishes 35, 339-354.

2014. The fate of a global language. The World Today (London: Chatham House) 70(6) Dec. 2014, 16-18.

2014. Asian Englishes – into the future: a bird's eye view. Asian Englishes 16, 1-8.

2014. The times they are a-changin' – and so are the editors of EWW. (with Marianne Hundt & Daniel Schreier) English World-Wide 35, 1-5.

2014. New reflections on the evolutionary dynamics of World Englishes. World Englishes 33, 9-32.

2013. Leisure-activity ESP as a special kind of ELF: the example of scuba diving English. English Today 115 29, 47-57.

2012. Шнайдер Э. Модели развития английского языка: сходные и различные? [Modeli razvitiya angliyskogo yazyka: skhodnye i razlichnye? = Developmental patterns of English: similar or different?] Translated by Larisa Koulchitskaya. In Личность. Культура. Общество. [Lichnost'. Kul'tura. Obschestvo. = Personality. Culture. Society.] International journal of social studies and the humanities. Russian Academy of Sciences. Belarus National Academy of Sciences.Ukraine National Academy of Sciences. ISSN 1606-951X . Vol. 14 # 3 (73-74), 189-203.

2012. Editor's report 2007-2012. English World-Wide 33, 363-368.

2012. Exploring the interface between World Englishes and Second Language Acquisition – and implications for English as a Lingua Franca. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca 1, 57-91.

2009. Unu kyaan taak lak yardie? Zerfällt das Englische? Zur "Glokalisierung" der "New Englishes". Blick in die Wissenschaft. Forschungsmagazin der Universität Regensburg 21, 41-47.

2008. Invited response to Jock Wong. Language in Society 37, 759-760.

2008 Accommodation versus identity? A response to Trudgill. Language in Society 37(2), 262-267.

2007. Editor's Report 2003-2007. English World-Wide 28(3), 349-355.

2006. Clustering dialects automatically -- A Mutual Information approach. (with Naomi Nagy, Xiaoli Zhang, and George Nagy). Penn Working Papers in Linguistics 12.2: Papers from NWAV 34, 145-158.

2006. When I started to using BLUR: Accounting for unusual verb complementation patterns in an electronic corpus of Earlier African American English. (with Ulrich Miethaner). Journal of English Linguistics 34, 233-256.

2006. The variability of literary dialect as a reflection of pan-lectal competence: Jamaican Creole in Thelwell's The Harder They Come. (with Christian Wagner). Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 21, 45-95.

2004. Evolutionary patterns of New Englishes and the special case of Malaysian English. Asian Englishes 6, 44-63.

2004. How to trace structural nativization: Particle verbs in World Englishes. World Englishes 23(2), 227-249.

2003. The dynamics of New Englishes: From identity construction to dialect birth. Language 79(2), 233-281.

2002. Editor's Report 1998 – 2002. English World-Wide 23(2), 341-345.

2001. On the trail of early nonstandard grammar: An electronic corpus of Southern U.S. antebellum overseers letters. (with Michael B. Montgomery). American Speech 76(4), 388-410.

2000. Feature diffusion vs. contact effects in the evolution of New Englishes: A typological case study of negation patterns. English World-Wide 21(2), 201-230.

1998. Editorial. (with Manfred Görlach) English World-Wide 19(1), 1-5.

1993. The grammaticalization of possessive of which in Middle English and Early Modern English. Folia Linguistic Historica 14, 239-257.

1990. Strategien des Computereinsatzes in der nordamerikanischen Dialektologie am Ende der achtziger Jahre. Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik 57, 273-294.

1989. LAMSAS goes SASsy: Statistical Methods and Linguistic Atlas Data. (with W. A. Kretzschmar) Journal of English Linguistics (Special Issue) 22, 129-141.

1989. Introduction. (with W. A. Kretzschmar and E. Johnson) Journal of English Linguistics (Special Issue) 22, v-vi.

1989. Konferenz über `Computer Methods in Dialectology`, Athens, Georgia, U.S.A.; 2.-4. März 1989. Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik 56, 182-185.

1988 [1990]. Qualitative vs. quantitative methods of area delimitation in dialectology: The example of lexical data from Georgia and Alabama. Journal of English Linguistics 21, 175-212.

1987. Dialect analysis and automatic cartography by means of a microcomputer. Literary and Linguistic Computing 2, 80-85.

1987. Beobachtungen zur Paradigmatik der verbbildenden Suffixe -en, -ify und -ize im Englischen. Sprachwissenschaft 12, 88-109.

1986. 'How to Speak Southern' — An American English dialect stereotyped. Amerikastudien / American Studies 31, 425-439.

1983. The diachronic development of the Black English perfective auxiliary phrase. Journal of English Linguistics 16, 55-64.

1983. The origin of the verbal -s in Black English. American Speech 58, 99-113.

1982. Writings on regional and social variation in American and Canadian English: a selective bibliography 1965-1981. English World-Wide 3, 161-205.

1982. On the history of Black English in the USA: Some new evidence. English World-Wide 3, 18-46.

1980. Tempus und Aspekt in österreichischen Lehrbüchern für den Englischunterricht. Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik 5, 201-223.

Articles in edited collections

2026. Predicative as in World Englishes: meanderings of a multifunctional form. In Sofia Rüdiger, Sven Leuckert & Tobias Bernaisch (eds.), Evolving Englishes: Varieties through Time and Space. London, New York: Routledge.

2025. Prologue. In Peter Siemund, Gardy Stein, & Manuela Vida-Mannl (eds.), World Englishes in their Local Multilingual Ecologies. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 14-20.

2026. New Englishes. In Hilary Nesi & Petar Milin (eds.), Pergamon International Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 3^rd ed. Elsevier.

2026. Looking forward to meet you: an embryonic pattern in Asian Englishes?. In Adam Smith, Peter Collins & Minna Korhonen, eds. World-wide perspectives on English usage: Into the third millennium. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

2025. African Englishes – towards endonormativity?. In Aloysius Ngefac, Gratien Atindogbe, Paul Zang Zang, Thorsten Brato & Jakob Leimgruber, eds. Ex-colonial languages, indigenized varieties and the transformative development of postcolonial Africa, 29-59.

2024. Linguistic manifestations of cultural differences across national varieties of English - a methodological survey. In Claus Weihs, Walter Krämer & Sarah Buschfeld (eds.), Statistics Today – Everyday Applications, Research Questions, Insights, and Challenges. New York: Springer, 225-236.

2026. Modelling the formation and developmental trajectories of varieties of English." In Raymond Hickey, eds. The New Cambridge History of the English Language. Vol. VI: Africa, Asia, Australasia and the Pacific. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

2025. English World-Wide (journal). In Kingsley Bolton, ed. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of World Englishes. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, vol. II, 1445-1453.

2025. The Dynamic Model. In Kingsley Bolton, ed. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of World Englishes. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, vol. V, 3632-3641.

2025. Pluricentricity versus pluriareality? Areal patterns in the English-speaking world. In Ryan Durgasingh & Philipp Meer (eds.), Pluricentricity and Pluriareality: Dialects, Variation, and Standards. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins, 90-117.

2024. English in South-East Asian tourism. In Andrew Moody, ed. The Oxford Handbook of South-East Asian Englishes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 706-728.

2023. The role of prescriptivism in the emergence of New Englishes. In Joan C. Beal, Morana Lukač & Robin Straaijer (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Linguistic Prescriptivism. London: Routledge, 103-120.

2022. Philippine English in relation to American English. In Ariane Macalinga Borlongan (ed.), Philippine English: Development, Structure, and Sociology of English in the Philippines. London, Singapore: Routledge, 143-155.

2022. Prologue: Philippine English in the concerto of World Englishes. In Ariane Macalinga Borlongan (ed.), Philippine English: Development, Structure, and Sociology of English in the Philippines. London, Singapore: Routledge 2022, xxiv-xxix.

2022. The geographical and demographic expansion of English. (with Sarah Buschfeld). In Salikoko S. Mufwene & Anna Maria Escobar, eds. The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact. Vol. I: Population Movement and Language Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 583-610.

2021. The dynamics of English in Namibia: A World Englishes perspective. (with Anne Schröder) In Anne Schröder, ed. The Dynamics of English in Namibia. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins, 275-297.

2021. Artistic re-creation of grassroots English: Ideologies and structures in English Vinglish. In Christiane Meierkord & Edgar W. Schneider (eds.), World Englishes at the Grassroots. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 115-140.

2021. Introduction: English spreading at the grassroots. (with Christiane Meierkord) In Christiane Meierkord & Edgar W. Schneider (eds.), World Englishes at the Grassroots. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1-22.

2021. The emergence of global languages: Why English? In Marianne Hundt, Johannes Katabek, Daniel Schreier & Danae Perez (eds.), English and Spanish. World Languages in Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 10-30.

2021. Platform paper: Reflections of cultures in corpus texts: Focus on the Indo-Pacific region. In Pam Peters & Kate Burridge (eds.), Exploring the Ecology of World Englishes: Language, Society and Culture. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 15-45.

2020. Contact and Caribbean Creoles." (with Raymond Hickey). In Raymond Hickey, ed. Handbook of Language Contact. 2^nd ed. Malden: Blackwell, 403-423.

2020. Developmental patterns of English: similar or different? In Andy Kirkpatrick (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes, 2^nd edition. London: Routledge, 408-421.

2020. Expanding boundaries of a function word: uses of one in Early Modern and Modern English. (with Sarah Buschfeld). In Peter Grund & Megan E. Hartman, eds. Studies in the History of the English Language VIII: Boundaries and Boundary-Crossings in the History of English. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 135-166.

2020. Meanderings from early English to World Englishes: a Complex Systems perspective on morphosyntactic changes in wh-pronouns. In Peter Grund & Megan E. Hartman, eds. Studies in the History of the English Language VIII: Boundaries and Boundary-Crossings in the History of English. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 73-105.

2020. Accounting for the evolution of American English: a comparison of two models. In Sarah Buschfeld & Alexander Kautzsch (eds.), Modelling World Englishes: A Joint Approach towards Postcolonial and Non-Postcolonial Englishes. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 228-250.

2020. Calling Englishes as Complex Dynamic Systems: diffusion and restructuring. In Anna Mauranen & Svetlana Vetchinnikova, eds. Language Change: the impact of English as a Lingua Franca. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 15-43.

2020. English in the United States. In Cecil L. Nelson, Zoya Proshina & Daniel R. Davis, eds. The Handbook of World Englishes. Second edition. Malden, Oxford: Blackwell, 37-51.

2020. World Englishes: an introduction. (with Daniel Schreier & Marianne Hundt.) In Marianne Hundt, Daniel Schreier & Edgar W. Schneider, eds. The Cambridge Handbook of World Englishes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1-21.

2020. South Africa in the linguistic modelling of World Englishes. In Raymond Hickey (ed.), English in Multilingual South Africa. The Linguistics of Contact and Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 16-29.

2018. From colonial dynamism to current transnationalism: a unified view on postcolonial and non-postcolonial Englishes. (with Sarah Buschfeld & Alexander Kautzsch). In Sandra Deshors (ed.), Modeling World Englishes. Assessing the interplay of emancipation and globalization of ESL varieties. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins, 15-44.

2018. English and colonialism. In Philip Seargeant, Ann Hewings & Stephen Pihlaja (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of English Language Studies. Malden, MA, Oxford: Routledge, 42-58.

2017. Written data sources. In Christine Mallinson, Becky Childs & Gerard van Herk, eds. Data Collection in Sociolinguistics: Methods and Applications. 2^nd edition. New York, Milton Park: Routledge, 169-177.

2017. World Englishes: Post-Colonial Englishes. (with Sarah Buschfeld). In Low, Ee Ling, & Anne Pakir, eds. World Englishes: Re-thinking Paradigms. London: Routledge, 29-46.

2017. Perspectives on language contact. In Laurel J. Brinton, ed. English Historical Linguistics. Approaches and Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 332-359.

2017. Models of English in the World. In Juhani Klemola, Markku Filppula & Devyani Sharma (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of World Englishes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 35-57.

2016. World Englishes. In John McWhorter (ed.), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of English Linguistics. New York: Oxford University Press 2016; linguistics.oxfordre.com. DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.270

2016. World Englishes and English as a lingua franca: Relationships and interfaces. In Marie-Luise Pitzl & Ruth Osimk-Teasdale (eds.), English as a Lingua Franca: Perspectives and Prospects. Berlin, Boston: de Gruyter Mouton, 105-114.

32016. World Englishes on YouTube: treasure trove or nightmare? In Elena Seoane & Cristina Suárez-Gómez (eds.), World Englishes: New Theoretical and Methodological Considerations. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins, 253-281.

2015. Introduction." (with Jeffrey P. Williams, Peter Trudgill, & Daniel Schreier) In J.P. Williams, E.W. Schneider, P. Trudgill, & D.Schreier (eds.), Further Studies in the Lesser-Known Varieties of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1-7.

2015. Documenting the history of African American English: a survey and assessment of sources and results." In Sonja Lanehart (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of African American Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 125-139.

2015. Earlier Southern Englishes in Black and White: Corpus-based approaches". In Michael D. Picone & Catherine Evans Davies (eds.), New Perspectives on Language Variety in the South: Historical and Contemporary Approaches. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 182-199.

2013. English as a contact language: the New Englishes. In Daniel Schreier & Marianne Hundt (eds.), English as a Contact Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 131-148.

2013. The evolutionary dynamics of World Englishes: convergence or divergence?. In Proceedings of the joint conference of The Korean Association for the Study of English Language and Linguistics and The Phonology-Morphology Circle of Korea. Cheonan: Korea University of Technology and Education, 1-31.

2014. Global diffusion, regional attraction, local roots? Sociocognitive perspectives on the pluricentricity of English. In Augusto Soares da Silva (ed.), Pluricenricity. Language Variation and Sociocognitive Dimensions. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter Mouton, 191-226.

2013. Investigating historical variation and change in written documents: new perspectives. In J.K. Chambers & Natalie Schilling, eds. The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. 2^nd ed. Oxford, Malden, MA: Blackwell, 57-81.

2013. The pluricentricity of English today – and how about non-dominant varieties? In Rudolf Muhr, Carla Amorós Negre, Carmen Fernández Juncal, Klaus Zimmermann Emilio Prieto und Natividad Hernández (eds.), Exploring Linguistic Standards in Non-dominant Varieties of Pluricentric Languages / Explorando estándares lingüísticos en variedades no dominantes de lenguas pluricéntricas. Frankfurt, Wien: Peter Lang, 45-54.

2013. Sociolinguistics and multilingualism: the state of the art. In Stephen R. Anderson, Jacques Moeschler & Fabienne Reboul (eds.), L'Interface Langage-Cognition. The Language-Cognition Interface. Actes du 19e Congrès International des Linguistes. Geneva: Librairie Droz, 395-414.

2013. Written data sources. In Christine Mallinson, Becky Childs & Gerard van Herk, eds. Data Collection in Sociolinguistics: Methods and Applications. New York, Milton Park: Routledge, 169-178.

2012. Regional profile: North America. In Bernd Kortmann & Kerstin Lunkenheimer (eds.), The Mouton World Atlas of Variation in English. Berlin, Boston: Mouton de Gruyter, 734-762.

2012. Contact-induced change in English world-wide. In Terttu Nevalainen & Elizabeth Closs Traugott (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the History of English. New York: Oxford University Press, 572-581.

2012. Standard and varieties. In Martin Middeke, Timo Müller, Christina Wald & Hubert Zapf (eds.), English and American Studies. Theory and Practice. Stuttgart, Weimar: Metzler, 457-470.

2013. Chaos theory. In Bernd Kortmann, ed. Wörterbücher zur Sprach- und Komunikationswissenschaft / Dictionaries of Linguistics and Communication Science. 11: Theories and Methods in Linguistics. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI: 10.1515/wsk.35.0.chaostheory

2012. Complexity as a function of iconicity: The case of complement clause constructions in New Englishes. (with Maria Steger) In Bernd Kortmann & Benedikt Szmrecsanyi (eds.), Linguistic Complexity: Second Language Acquisition, Indigenization, Contact. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 156-191.

2012. Tracking the evolution of vernaculars: Corpus linguistics and Earlier Southern US Englishes. In Joybrato Mukherjee & Magnus Huber, eds. Corpus Linguistics and Variation in English: Theory and Description. Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, 185-212.

2011. The subjunctive in Philippine English – an updated assessment. In Maria Lourdes S. Bautista (ed.), Studies in Philippine English: Exploring the Philippine Component of the International Corpus of English. Mandaluyong City: Anvil Publishing, 159-173.

2011. The pluricentricity of English: Centrifugal forces.” In Augusto Soares da Silva, Amadeu Torres & Miguel GonCalves (eds.), Línguas Pluricêntricas. VariaCão Linguística e Dimensões Sociocognitivas. Pluricentric Languages. Linguistic Variation and Sociocognitive Dimensions. Braga: PublicaCões da Faculdade de Filosofia Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 109-124.

2011. English into Asia: From Singaporean ubiquity to Chinese learners' features. In Anne Curzan & Michael Adams (eds.), Contours of English and English Language Studies: In Honor of Richard W. Bailey. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 135-156.

2011. Colonization, globalization and the sociolinguistics of World Englishes. In Rajend Mesthrie (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 335-353.

2011. Developmental patterns of English: similar or different?" In Andy Kirkpatrick (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes. London: Routledge, 372-384.

2010. Introduction. (with Daniel Schreier, Peter Trudgill, & Jeffrey P. Williams) In D.Schreier, P. Trudgill, E.W. Schneider & J.P. Williams (eds.), The Lesser-Known Varieties of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1-14.

2010. Contact Englishes and Creoles in the Caribbean. In Raymond Hickey (ed.), Handbook of Language Contact. Malden: Blackwell, 478-497.

2009. Series Editor's Preface: The World Englishes conference in Regensburg 2007 – a retrospective look. In Thomas Hoffmann & Lucia Siebers, eds. World Englishes: Properties – Prospects – Problems. Selected Papers from the 13^th IAWE Conference. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins, ix-xi.

2009. New Englishes, new norms: Growth and maturity in languages. In Christopher Ward, ed. Language Teaching in a Multilingual World: Challenges and Opportunities. Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre, 191-214.

2008. Clustering global Englishes automatically: neutral input, meaningful results."  In Hans-Georg Wolf, Lothar Peter & Frank Polzenhagen, eds. Focus on English. Linguistic Structure, Language Variation and Discursive Use. Studies in Honour of Peter Lucko. Leipzig: Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 51-63.

2008. Towards Endonormativity? African English and the Dynamic Model of the Evolution of Postcolonial Englishes." In Kenneth Harrow & Kizitus Mpoche (eds.), Language, Literature and Education in Multicultural Societies: Collaborative Research on Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Press, 283-305.

2008. Synopsis: morphological and syntactic variation in the Americas and the Caribbean. In Edgar W. Schneider (ed.), Varieties of English. Vol. 2: The Americas and the Caribbean. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 763-776.

2008. Synopsis: phonological variation in the Americas and the Caribbean. In Edgar W. Schneider (ed.), Varieties of English. Vol. 2: The Americas and the Caribbean. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 383-398.

2008. Introduction: Varieties of English in the Americas and the Caribbean. In Edgar W. Schneider (ed.), Varieties of English. Vol. 2: The Americas and the Caribbean. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 23-33.

2008. General Introduction and General References. (with Bernd Kortmann). In Bernd Kortmann & Clive Upton (eds.), Varieties of English. Vol. 1: The British Isles, 1-22; in Edgar W. Schneider (ed.), Varieties of English. Vol. 2: The Americas and the Caribbean, 1-22; in Kate Burridge & Bernd Kortmann (eds.), Varieties of English. Vol. 3: The Pacific and Australasia, 1-22; and in Rajend Mesthrie (ed.), Varieties of English. Vol. 4: Africa, South and Southeast Asia, 1-22. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

2008. List of features: phonology and phonetics. In Bernd Kortmann & Clive Upton (eds.), Varieties of English. Vol. 1: The British Isles, xix-xxiv; in Edgar W. Schneider (ed.), Varieties of English. Vol. 2: The Americas and the Caribbean, xi-xxiv; in Kate Burridge & Bernd Kortmann (eds.), Varieties of English. Vol. 3: The Pacific and Australasia, xxiii-xxviii; and in Rajend Mesthrie (ed.), Varieties of English. Vol. 4: Africa, South and Southeast Asia, xix-xxiv. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

2007. My baby loves me, she love me: Verbal –s variability in the history of black and white dialects of the southern United States. In Ute Smit, Stefan Dollinger, Julia Hüttner, Gunther Kaltenböck & Ursula Lutzky (eds.), Tracing English through Time: Explorations in Language Variation. In Honour of Herbert Schendl on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday. Vienna: Braumüller, 345-358.

2007. Language, humour and gender in Ali G's Innit. In Helge Nowak, ed. Comedy and Gender. Heidelberg: Winter, 217-232.

2006. English in North America. In Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru, & Cecil L. Nelson, eds. The Handbook of World Englishes. Malden, Oxford, Carlton: Blackwell, 58-73.

2006. How to trace structural nativization: Particle verbs in World Englishes. In Kingsley Bolton & Braj Kachru, eds. World Englishes: Critical Concepts. Vol. 6. London: Routledge, 132-160. (Reprint from World Englishes 2003)

2006. The dynamics of New Englishes: From identity construction to dialect birth. In Kingsley Bolton & Braj Kachru, eds. World Englishes: Critical Concepts. Vol. 1. London: Routledge, 125-185. (Reprint from Language 2003)

2005. Foreword. In Loga Mahesan Baskaran, A Malaysian English Primer – Aspects of Malaysian English Features. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, ix-x.

2005. A quantitative categorization of phonemic dialect features in context. (with Naomi Nagy, Xiaoli Zhang, & George Nagy) In Anind Dey, Boicho Kokinov, David Leake, et al., eds. Modeling and Using Context. Proceedings of Context '05 (Fifth International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context), Paris 2005. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 3554) New York: Springer, 326-338.

2005. The subjunctive in Philippine English. In Danilo T. Dayag & J. Stephen Quakenbush, eds. Linguistics and Language Education in the Philippines and Beyond. A Festschrift in Honor of Ma. Lourdes S. Bautista. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines, 27-40.

2004. Synopsis: morphological and syntactic variation in the Americas and the Caribbean. In B. Kortmann et al., eds. A Handbook of Varieties of English. Vol. 2: Morphology and Syntax. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1104-1115.

2004. Global synopsis: phonetic and phonological variation in English world-wide. In E.W. Schneider et al., eds. A Handbook of Varieties of English. Vol. 1: Phonology. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1111-1137.

2004. Synopsis: phonological variation in the Americas and the Caribbean. In E.W. Schneider et al., eds. A Handbook of Varieties of English. Vol. 1: Phonology. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1075-1088.

2004. Introduction: Varieties of English in the Americas and the Caribbean. In E.W. Schneider et al., eds. A Handbook of Varieties of English. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, Vol. 1, 247-256 and Vol. 2, 211-220.

2004. General introduction. (with B. Kortmann) In B. Kortmann, E.W. Schneider et al., eds. A Handbook of Varieties of English. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, vol. 1, 1-9 and vol. 2, 1-9.

2004. The English dialect heritage of the Southern United States. In Raymond Hickey (ed.), Transplanted Dialects: The Legacy of Colonial English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 262-309.

2003. Evolution(s) in Global English(es). In Pam H. Peters, ed. From Local to Global English. Proceedings of Style Council 2001/02. Macquarie University, NSW: Dictionary Research Centre, 3-24.

2003. Shakespeare in the coves and hollows? Toward a history of Southern English. In Stephen J. Nagle & Sara L. Sanders (eds.), English in the Southern United States, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 17-35.

2002. Quantitative techniques in the analysis of dialect data. In Dieter Kastovsky, Gunther Kaltenböck & Susanne Reichl, eds. Anglistentag 2001 Wien. Trier: WVT, 75-87.

2002. Investigating variation and change in written documents. In J.K. Chambers, Peter Trudgill & Natalie Schilling-Estes, eds. The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Oxford, Malden, MA: Blackwell, 67-96.

2000. From region to class to identity: 'Show me how you speak and I'll tell you who you are'? American Speech 75, 359-361. (Anniversary Issue; invited contribution)

2000. Differential creolization: Some evidence from Earlier African American Vernacular English in South Carolina. (with A. Kautzsch) In I. Neumann-Holzschuh & E.W. Schneider (eds.), Degrees of Restructuring in Creole Languages. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins, 247-274.

2000. Introduction: 'Degrees of restructuring' in creole languages? (with I. Neumann-Holzschuh) In I. Neumann-Holzschuh & E.W. Schneider (eds.), Degrees of Restructuring in Creole Languages. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins, 1-18.

2000. Corpus linguistics in the Asian context: Exemplary studies of the Kolhapur Corpus of Indian English. In Ma. Lourdes pp. Bautista, Teodoro A. Llamzon & Bonifacio P. Sibayan (eds.), Parangal cang Brother Andrew: Festschrift for Andrew Gonzalez on His Sixtieth Birthday. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines, 115-137.

1999. Negation patterns and the cline of creoleness in English-oriented varieties of the Caribbean. In Pauline Christie, Barbara Lalla, Velma Pollard & Lawrence Carrington (eds.), Studies in Caribbean Language II. Papers from the Ninth Biennial Conference of the Society for Caribbean Linguistics, 1992. St. Augustine: Society for Caribbean Linguistics, 204-227.

1999. Notes on Singaporean English. In Uwe Carls & Peter Lucko (eds.), Form, Function and Variation in English. Studies in Honour of Klaus Hansen. Frankfurt a.M.: Peter Lang, 193-205.

1998. The Chattahoochee River - a linguistic boundary? In Michael B. Montgomery & Thomas Nunnally (eds.), From the Gulf States and Beyond. The Legacy of Lee Pederson and LAGS. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 123-146.

1997. Chaos theory as a model for dialect variability and change? In Alan A. Thomas (ed.), Issues and Methods in Dialectology. Bangor: University of Wales, Department of Linguistics, 22-36.

1997 Language Change: The state of the art. In Uwe Böker & Hans Sauer, eds. Anglistentag 1996 Dresden. Proceedings. Trier: WVT, 49-60.

1997. Introduction [to the linguistic section: "Approaches to linguistic change"]. In Uwe Böker & Hans Sauer, eds. Anglistentag 1996 Dresden. Proceedings. Trier: WVT, 47-48.

1997. Sprachenkarte von Großbritannien und Irland. In Hans Goebl et al., Hgg., Kontaktlinguistik. Contact Linguistics. Linguistique de Contact. Ein internationales Handbuch zeitgenössischer Forschung, Vol. 2. Berlin, New York: de Gruyter, 1987-1993.

1997. Introduction. In Edgar W. Schneider (ed.), Englishes around the World. Vol. 2: Caribbean, Africa, Asia, Australasia. Studies in Honour of Manfred Görlach. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins, 15-18.

1997. Introduction. In Edgar W. Schneider (ed.), Englishes around the World. Vol. 1: General studies, British Isles, North America. Studies in Honour of Manfred Görlach. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins, 15-18.

1997. For Manfred Görlach on the occasion of his 60th birthday. In Edgar W. Schneider (ed.), Englishes around the World. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins, vol. 1: 1-7, and vol. 2: 1-7.

1997. Earlier Black English Revisited. In Cynthia Bernstein, Thomas Nunnally, & Robin Sabino (eds.), Language Variety in the South Revisited. Tuscaloosa, London: University of Alabama Press, 35-50.

1997 The cline of creoleness in negation patterns of Caribbean English Creoles. In Language History and Linguistic Modelling. A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak on his 60th birthday, eds. Raymond Hickey & Stanislav Puppel. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1055-1067.

1997. As as 'is'. Is as 'is'? In Udo Fries, Viviane Müller & Peter Schneider (eds.), From Aelfric to the New York Times: Studies in English Corpus Linguistics. Festschrift for Gunnel Tottie. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 33-50.

1996. Constraints on the loss of case marking in English wh-pronouns: four hundred years of real-time evidence. In Jennifer Arnold et al. (eds.), Sociolinguistic Variation: Data, Theory, and Analysis. Selected Papers from NWAV23 at Stanford. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications, 487-499.

1996. Towards syntactic isomorphism and semantic dissimilation: The syntax and semantics of prospective verbs in Early Modern English. In Derek Britton (ed.), English Historical Linguistics 1994. Papers from the 8th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (8. ICEHL, Edinburgh, 19-23 September 1994). Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins, 199-220.

1996. Introduction: Research trends in the study of American English. In Edgar W. Schneider (ed.), Focus on the USA. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins, 1-12.

1995. African-American English. In R. Ahrens, W.-D. Bald & W. Hüllen, Hgg., Handbuch Englisch als Fremdsprache. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag, 39-41.

1995. Black-White language contact through the centuries: Diachronic aspects of linguistic convergence or divergence in the United States of America. In Jacek Fisiak (ed.), Linguistic Change under Contact Conditions. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 237-252.

1994. You that be not able to consyder thys order of thinges: Variability and change in the semantics and syntax of a mental verb in Early Modern English. In Dieter Kastovsky (ed.), Studies in Early Modern English. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 379-402.

1994. Appalachian mountain vocabulary: Its character, sources, and distinctiveness. In Wolfgang Viereck (ed.), Verhandlungen des Internationalen Dialektologenkongresses Bamberg 1990. Stuttgart: Steiner, 498-512.

1993. Africanisms in the grammar of Afro-American English: weighing the evidence. In Salikoko Mufwene (ed.), Africanisms in Afro-American Language Varieties, Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 209-221.

1992. Who(m)? Case marking of wh-pronouns in written British and American English. In Gerhard Leitner (ed.), New Directions in English Language Corpora. Methodology, Results, Software Developments. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 231-245.

1992. Who(m)? Constraints on the loss of case marking of wh-pronouns in the English of Shakespeare and other poets of the Early Modern English period. In Matti Rissanen, Ossi Ihalainen, Terttu Nevalainen, & Irma Taavitsainen (eds.), History of Englishes. New Methods and Interpretations in Historical Linguistics. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 437-452.

1990. Creolistics and historical linguistics. In Rüdiger Ahrens (ed.), Anglistentag 1989 Würzburg. Proceedings. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 246-264.

1990. Semantic features and feature dimensions. In Werner Bahner, Joachim Schildt & Dieter Viehweger (eds.), Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Congress of Linguists, Berlin/GDR, August 10-August 15, 1987). Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, Bd. II, 1250-1253.

1998. Informants' response ratings in the Survey of English Dialects. In Alan R. Thomas (ed.), Methods in Dialectology. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference held at the University College of North Wales, 3rd-7th August 1987. Clevedon, Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters, 396-405.

1988. On polysemy in English, considering consider. In Werner Hüllen & Rainer Schulze (eds.), Understanding the Lexicon. Meaning, Sense and World Knowledge in Lexical Semantics. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 157-169.

1988. Advantages and limitations of text corpora in the study of lexis., In Hans-Werner Ludwig (ed.), Anglistentag 1987 Tübingen. Vorträge. Giessen: Hoffmann, 300-318.

1985. Regional variation in nineteenth century Black English in the American South. In Jacek Fisiak (ed.), Papers from the 6th International Conference on Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam, Poznan: Benjamins & Adam Mickiewicz University, 467-487.

1984. Methodologische Probleme der Dialektometrie. In Hans Goebl (ed.), Dialectology. Bochum: Studienverlag Brockmeyer, 314-335.

1984. The use of the computer in American, Canadian and British English dialectology and sociolinguistics. (with W. Viereck)Iin Hans Goebl (ed.), Dialectology. Bochum: Studienverlag Brockmeyer, 15-60.

1983. Englisch in der Karibik. In Englisch - Formen und Funktionen einer Weltsprache, 73-85.

1983. Englisch in Nordamerika. In Englisch - Formen und Funktionen einer Weltsprache, 51-71.

Reviews

About 100 book reviews, in American Speech, Anglia, Anglistik, Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen, Beiträge zur Namenforschung, English Language and Linguistics, English World-Wide, Indogermanische Forschungen, Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, Journal of English Linguistics, Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, Kritikon Litterarum, Language, Research in Corpus Linguistics, World Englishes, Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, and Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik.